L&TD

DESCRIPTION

The Platinum Resistance Thermometer is used to give a high precision reading of wellbore temperature. It outputs temperature data as a digital word allowing for very high resolution. Because of the small size of the tip it also has a very rapid response time, which minimizes the effects of differing line speeds. It can be run alone, or as part of a string of Production Logging tools.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

The change of resistance of a length of platinum wire with changing well temperature is used to drive a Voltage Controller Oscillator. The frequency output from the VCO is digitized and encoded on the line. The high thermal conductivity copper tip is isolated with a low thermal conductivity body, which allows for high-resolution measurement even with high differential temperatures between the well fluid and the tool body.

SPECIFICATIONS

Benefits:  

• Indicating productive and injected zones, fluid entry point, leaks.

• Location of fluid movement behind the pipe or casing

• Cement top determination

• Can be used in horizontal/ highly deviated wells.

• It is sensitive with a wide range of fluid flow rates.

When downhole pressure is lower than bubble point pressure, associated gas is released. This gas could result in a temperature anomaly due to Joule – Thomson effect as shown in the plot opposite.

This plot indicates flow behind casing at 240m3/d flow rates.

The temperature curve shows flow behind the casing from 3800m down to 4176-4180m, where it enter the casing.

  Specifications

    Casing and Tubing Sizes

      Benefits and Features

Split shot with small O.D can pass through tubing while no another cutter would go down.

Using Split shot, we can save time. Split shot can be use in cases of: Paraffin blockage, mud, corroded tubing, collapsed pipe.

No other cutter would

go down

Paraffin blockage

Mud

Corroded tubing

3-1/2” Tubing cut with

the Split Shot Cutter

3-1/2” Tubing cut with

the Split Shot Cutter

The fractured basement reservoir is characterized by a very complex structure and it requires a special method to evaluate. BASROC is one of those. The software BASROC was developed by VSP in 1992, for application in reservoir evaluation and simulation for Bach Ho oil field. In order to increase the utility and accuracy in the determination of reservoir parameters, this software has been upgraded continuously. Version 3.0 is the latest version now used in evaluation and simulation of basement reservoirs in Bach Ho, Rong and other oil fields.

• Macrofracture zones characterized by macro-fracture systems, distributed directionally with hydrodynamic permeability.
• Microfracture zones distributed along surfaces of macrofractures.
  

1-Vug Porosity,

2 -Macro Fracture,

3- Micro Fracture, 4-Unchanged Rock.

BASROC is an advanced multi-mineral log analysis program. It computes the most probable formation mineralogy and total porosity, open porosity using a multi-log, least-squares inversion technique.

It is particularly valuable in areas of mixed lithologies, special minerals and two porosities systems.

Grade porosity by filtered method.

Calculate fracture porosity by looped technique.

Export the result in the tabular and bitmap files.

Any Microsoft Windows supported printing device.

Fig. 2 – The comparison of theoretically synthetic and practical curves

Fig. 3 – Results of BASROC processing for fractured Basement

Main Features:

• Up to 42 satellites

• Standard 7 conductor wireline.

• Real time data transmission

• 3 component gimballed

• 24bit Delta-Sigma  convertors

• 180^oC temperature rating

• Unique Active Cooling System for continuous operation at 180^oC

• 20000psi pressure rating

• Up to 95m between satellites

8 satellites and VRS

Geochain^TM – an 8 level array with VRS

WAVE SONIC - Halliburton's Third Generation Ultra-Reliable, Crossed Dipole Sonic Tool

THE BETTER KEY TO FRACTURE RESERVOIR EVALUATION

Halliburton's WaveSonic crossed dipole sonic tool makes it easy to determine fast and slow shear wave travel times and their orientation in the formation. With the WaveSonic, you can even calculate minimum and maximum principal stresses and stress field orientation by combining oriented slowness data with overburden and pore pressure data. This information is vital for mechanical analysis, wellbore stability and production enhancement treatment design. Sonic anisotropy and the orientation of the anisotropy can be used to determine the orientation of natural fractures. Sonic attributes such as P wave slowness, fast and slow shear wave travel time, identification of compressive fluids in the pore space, and anisotropy orientation allow for better 3 D seismic analysis.

Halliburton’s WaveSonic tool service provides simultaneous monopole and crossed dipole sonic information. P‑wave and S‑wave slowness can be obtained in formation conditions ranging from poorly consolidated high porosity gas saturated sandstones to low porosity carbonates. The flexural wave energy is propagated from a low frequency on‑depth crossed dipole bender‑bar source. The low frequency flexural wave travels at the true shear slowness of the formation. As a result, dispersion corrections for shear have slowness are not required. A low frequency monopole source is utilized, so the P‑wave and flexural wave data have similar depths of investigations well beyond any near wellbore alteration.

Other benefits include:

• Low frequency monopole and dipole sources for deeper investigations of sonic slowness measurements beyond any near wellbore alteration effects
• Broadband eight‑level, quad receiver array for high quality waveform data; all 96 waveforms for each set of transmitter firings are recorded at the surface for advanced waveform processing techniques
• State‑of‑the‑art tool design is an extension of the robust Sperry‑Sun LWD BAT^TM Sonic.
• Combinable with all openhole tools, including MRIL and RDTTM
• On‑depth, low frequency bender bar source provides a clean source signal.

- No need for dispersion corrections for slowness determination.

‑ No depth shifting of waveform data for anisotropy analysis.

• Robust tool isolator design allows for drill pipe conveyed operations; WaveSonic tool not limited to bottom of tool string

DESCRIPTION

The Continuous Spinner Flowmeter are disgned for logging in tubing or sand screened well. The spinner rotates continuously and is supported by roller bearings each end. This performs in all well orientations from vertical to horizontal, in very high fluid velocity such as gas wells.

The Caged Full Bore Flowmeter – CFB provides added protection to its impeller when used in wells with large ID gas lift mandrels and in horizontal wells. By allowing a large diameter impeller to pass through small diameter tubing, accurate flowrates covering a large cross section of the casing may be measured.

OPERATING PRINCIPLE

CFS: The spinner is mounted between roller bearings and rotation detection is through zero drag Hall effect devices, giving very low threshold and optimizing low flow measurement at high flowrate.

CFB: it may be closed down to tool diameter while running or pulling out of hole, and opens automatically to casing size when it leaves the tubing to enter the casing. Should a restriction be encountered during logging, the flowmeter will close and fold the spinner until the restriction is passed, thus avoiding damage to the blades.  

SPECIFICATIONS

CFB:

Horizontal and Highly Deviated Wells

Production logging in multi-phase flow wells has the same target as in the single-phase wells, as isolated interval detection anomalous rate changes clarification.

    Specifications

   Benefits and Features

- Swing jet can perforate at under balanced and makes the shell crater deeper (about 10 ”) in formations.

- Swing jet makes increasing recovery factor and can pass through Christmas tree, tubing … and perforate under packer.

- Swing jet can perforate during production.

- Swing jet carries larger charges than reguler through tubing guns.

Specifications

Benefits and Features

Makes increasing recovery factor of hydrocarbon saturated zone in oil fields.

- Can pass through Christmas tree, tubing.

- Can perforate under balance and under packer.

- Can perforate during producing process.

- The length of the gun may be up to 10 meters.

Imager is an interactive image interpretation software package used to present and analyze vector data from the Circumferential Acoustic Scanning Tool (CAST), Electric Micro Imaging (EMI) tool, the Formation MicroScanner™ (FMS) tool, and the Fullbore Formation MicroImager (FMI) tool. Imager allows displaying the logged data graphically in various ways.

The images may be enhanced to emphasize certain features, facilitating the interactive calculation of dip and fracture information.

For CAST service, Using Imager, we can: 

• Display the amplitudes and travel times logged by the CAST in compressed, standard, and expanded scales.
• Simulate a three-dimensional view by projecting the two-dimensional view onto a smooth cylinder. The cylinder can then be rotated.
• Display the travel time information as a borehole cross section.
• Display statistical information about a particular image.
• Apply image enhancement algorithms (filters) to the CAST data.
• Calculate the dip angle and direction of any bedding features or fractures found.
• Change the color (indicating dip quality) for tadpoles.
• Save the bedding and fracture data to the CLS database file for later presentation.
• Save an enhanced image to the CLS database file for later presentation.

For EMI Service, using Imager, we can: 

• Display the electrical images of the borehole logged by the EMI tool in compressed, standard, and expanded scales.
• Simulate a three-dimensional view by projecting the two-dimensional view onto a smooth cylinder. The cylinder can then be rotated.
• Apply speed correction and pad height correction to the raw EMI data.
• Display statistical information about a particular image.
• Apply image enhancement algorithms (filters) to the EMI data.
• Calculate the dip angle and direction of any bedding features or fractures found.
• Change the color (indicating dip quality) for tadpoles.
• Save the bedding and fracture data to the CLS database file for later presentation.
• Save an enhanced image to the CLS database file for later presentation.

                  Calculate the dip angle and direction of bedding, fractures

Comparison of EMI Images with speed correction applied. 

Imager analysis program window    

Geometry and Stress analysis 

The ASR-1  Advanced Seismic Receiver

ARS-1 Specifications

General

         The ASR geophones a compact three component electromechanical downhole geophone. It is disigned for use in wells up to 20000psi and 200^oC and provides fast arm cycle time with an arm force to weight ratio of 5:1.

Locking Arms

           The standard arm will accommodate boreholes from 5” to 13”, the short arm will accommodate borehole from 3 ½” to 9” and an extended arm can be use to increase this range to 22”. The locking force is constant to within 20% throughout its operating range and will lock into 9 5/8” casing in fifteen seconds when fitted with the standard arm.

Gimbal Element

The tool is provided with a three component gimballed package as standard using one high sensitivity SM4 high temperature element per axis. The gimbal assembly with faithfully follow any borehole deviation from vertical through to horizontal and slightly beyond.

Nhóm Marketing

The sonic logging system developed by Halliburton provides more acoustic information than ever before.

From 1997, Vietsopetro L&TD successfully evaluated potential zones in fractured basement using FWST data. 

Using a piezoelectric transmitter and four long‑spaced receivers, the FWS system records the entire acoustic wavetrain. Digital processing techniques extract compressional, shear, and Stoneley t; shear wave and compressional wave amplitudes; and Stoneley wave attenuation. These basic measurements provide valuable information on rock types, gas zones, porosity naturally fractured intervals, formation elastic properties, stress field around the borehole, permeability, and acoustic impedance.

FWS APPLICATIONS

• Improved porosity estimates using both t_c, and t_s
• Lithology identification by means of velocity ratio, t_s /t_c
• Location of gas zones, even in poor hole conditions and cased holes
• Indication of permeability variations with depth from Stoneley wave attenuation
• Detection of naturally fractured zones
• Determination of rock elastic constants
• Estimation of formation strength and least horizontal stress
• Prediction of vertical extent of hydraulic fractures

FWST – An effective tool to evaluate the potential zones in fractured basement.

FWST has been used by Vietsopetro L&TD to investigate the characteristics of fractures in basement of Cuu Long basin. The t_c, t_s and t_st and energy attenuation measurements have been used for:

- Detection of naturally fractured zones.

- Indication of permeability variations with depth from Stoneley wave attenuation.

- Lithology identification by means of velocity ratio, t_s /t_c

In fact, surveys in basement of Cuu Long basin indicated that FWST is an effective tool for evaluation of fracture zones in basement.

This FWS primary log example displays the raw waveform data from Receiver 1 in the right track. Processed results, including compressional and shear slowness curves (tc and ts), are shown in the center track, along with a shear slowness quality indicator Caliper and Gamma Ray information, along with a gain curve, are displayed in the left track

Instantaneous Waveform Characteristics IWC analysis allow users better evaluation of fracture zones as spectrum of amplitude, phase and frequency of waveform

This plot shows potential zones in White Tiger fractured basement by mean of the energy loss of Stoneley wave (Track 5). In fact, these zones are highly productive.